![]() Furthermore, sensory deprivation in isolated patients can lead to anxiety, depression, aggression, hallucinations, and psychotic reactions. This can lead to irritability, restlessness, poor concentration, fluctuating mental status, changes in communication due to inattention, and lack of focus. Such changes in the pattern of responses to stimuli lead to changes in a patient’s behavior, sensory acuity, decision-making process, and problem-solving abilities. When smell influences taste and texture (touch of the tongue), we sense flavor.Sensory-perceptual alteration can be defined as when there is a change in the pattern of sensory stimuli followed by an abnormal response to such stimuli. Such perceptions could be increased, decreased, or distorted with the patient's hearing, vision, touch sensation, smell, or kinesthetic responses to stimuli. Sensory interaction is the principle that one sense may influence another. Describe sensory interaction in the context of discerning a flavor. What are the four different sensory receptors composing touch? The four different sensory receptors that make up touch are pain, pressure, warmth, and cold. Every 10 decibals signifies a tenfold increase in sound intensity. ![]() How are sounds measured? Sounds are measured in decibals, with zero decibal corresponding to the absolute threshold. The three opponent retinal processes are red-green, blue-yellow, and black-white. What are the three opponent retinal processes. From a scientific perspective, what is color blindness? Those who are color blind aren't actually blind to colors: the just lack red sensitive receptors, green sensitive receptors, or both. The Young-Helmholtz trichomatic theory holds that the retina contains three different types of color receptors: red, green, and blue, which, simulated in combination, can lead to the perception of any color. Summarize the Young-Helmholtz trichomatic theory. How many different color variations can be sensed by the average human? The average human can detect one million different variations in color. We then integrate these interpretations in order to understand that we're seeing a bird. The brain delegates the task of interpreting and perceiving the bird's motion, form, depth, and color to different parts of the brain. Explain parallel processing in the context of seeing a bird flying in the air. What are feature detectors and what are their function? Feature detectors are specialized neurons in the visual cortex of the occipital lobe that are responsible for receiving info from ganglion cells and responding to specific features of a scene-edges, lines, angles, and movements. What part of the brain is responsible for face recognition? A specialized sector of the temporal lobe is responsible for facial recognition. They are activated by bipolar cells, which are activated by neural signals of light energy. What type of cells make up the optic nerve? The optic nerve is made up of the axons of ganglion nerve cells. Cones are sensitive to detail and color, whereas rods are sensitive to dim light. Name the special sensitivity of rods and cones respectively. What type of vision receptor cells predominate the outer region of the retina and aid in peripheral vision? The rode receptor cells are clustered primarily in the outer region of the retina and aid in peripheral vision. However, this does not prevent vision and we see despite the blind spot. Where and why is there a blind spot on the retina? There is a blind spot on the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye. ![]() What part of the eye is the first to receive light and bends it to provide focus? The cornea-outside covering of the eye-is the first part to receive light energy and bends the light waves to provide focus. What two physical characteristics of light help determine our sensory experience of them? Light's wavelength determines the hue we see and light's amplitude determines the intensity of the color we see. For example, most people, when being told to "eel the orange," would begin peeling the orange because the later stimulus of the orange gives context for the word "peel" to be perceived. The brain can work backward in time to allow a later stimulus to determine how an earlier one is perceived. Give an example of how the brain works backwards in the process of perception. For example, I am more likely to notice sounds similar to a phone ringing if I am expecting a phone call. According to signal detection theory, one's experience, expectations, emotions, and motivation influence how he or she interprets data. Can experiences influence interpretation of data? Yes.
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